Also known as | Macintosh SE FDHD Macintosh SE SuperDrive |
---|---|
Manufacturer | Apple Computer, Inc. |
Product family | Compact Macintosh |
Type | All-in-one |
Release date | March 2, 1987; 33 years ago |
Introductory price | US$2900 (dual floppy) US$3900 (with 20 MB hard drive) |
Discontinued | October 15, 1990 |
Operating system | System 4.0 - System 7.5.5 |
CPU | Motorola 68000 @ 7.8 MHz |
Memory | 1-4 MB RAM (4x 150ns 30-pin SIMM) |
Display | 9 inches (23 cm) monochrome, 512 × 342 |
Dimensions | Height: 13.6 inches (35 cm) Width: 9.69 inches (24.6 cm) Depth: 10.9 inches (28 cm) |
Mass | 17 pounds (7.7 kg) |
Predecessor | Macintosh 512Ke Macintosh Plus |
Successor | Macintosh SE/30 Macintosh Classic |
The Macintosh SE is a personal computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from March 1987[1] to October 1990. It marked a significant improvement on the Macintosh Plus design and was introduced by Apple at the same time as the Macintosh II.
Macintosh 20MB Hard Disk 20 model M0135 for Mac 512K or 512KE. $398.00 +$36.75 shipping. Make Offer - Macintosh 20MB Hard Disk 20 model M0135 for Mac 512K or 512KE. Vintage Apple Conner CP30085E 80MB Hard Drive, Tested Working. $44.99 +$10.89 shipping. Macintosh 20MB Hard Disk 20 model M0135 for Mac 512K or 512KE. Got one to sell? Make Offer - Macintosh 20MB Hard Disk 20 model M0135 for Mac 512K or 512KE. The Macintosh Hard Disk 20 was the first hard drive developed by Apple specifically for use with the Macintosh 512K.Introduced on September 17, 1985, it was part of Apple’s long awaited solution toward completing the Macintosh Office (a suite of integrated business.
The SE retains the same Compact Macintosh form factor as the original Macintosh computer introduced three years earlier and uses the same design language used by the Macintosh II. An enhanced model, the SE/30, was introduced in January 1989; sales of the original SE continued. The Macintosh SE was updated in August 1989 to include a SuperDrive, with this updated version being called the 'Macintosh SE FDHD' and later the 'Macintosh SE SuperDrive'. The Macintosh SE was replaced with the Macintosh Classic, a very similar model which retained the same central processing unit and form factor, but at a lower price point.
Overview[edit]
The Macintosh SE was introduced at the AppleWorld conference in Los Angeles on March 2, 1987. The 'SE' is an acronym for 'System Expansion'.[2] Its notable new features, compared to its similar predecessor, the Macintosh Plus, were:
- First compact Macintosh with an internal drive bay for a hard disk (originally 20 MB or 40 MB) or a second floppy drive.
- First compact Macintosh that featured an expansion slot.
- First Macintosh to support the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), previously only available on the Apple IIGS, for keyboard and mouse connections.
- Improved SCSI support with faster data throughput and a standard 50-pin internal SCSI connector.
- Better reliability and longer life expectancy (15 years of continuous use)[3] due to the addition of a cooling fan.
- Upgraded video circuitry that results in a lower percentage of CPU time being spent drawing the screen. In practice this results in a 10-20 percent performance improvement.[4]
- Additional fonts and kerning routines in the Toolbox ROM[3]
- Disk First Aid is included on the system disk
Acoustica mixcraft pro studio 8 keygen. The SE and Macintosh II were the first Apple computers since the Apple I to be sold without a keyboard. Instead the customer was offered the choice of the new ADB Apple Keyboard or the Apple Extended Keyboard.
Apple produced ten SEs with transparent cases as prototypes for promotional shots and employees. They are extremely rare and command a premium price for collectors.[5]
Operating system[edit]
The Macintosh SE shipped with System 4.0 and Finder 5.4; this version is specific to this computer.[6] (The Macintosh II, which was announced at the same time but shipped a month later, includes System 4.1 and Finder 5.5.) The README file included with the installation disks for the SE and II is the first place Apple ever used the term 'Macintosh System Software', and after 1998 these two versions were retroactively given the name 'Macintosh System Software 2.0.1'.[7]
Hardware[edit]
Processor: Motorola 68000, 8 MHz, with an 8 MHz system bus and a 16-bit data path
RAM: The SE came with 1 MB of RAM as standard, and is expandable to 4 MB. The logic board has four 30-pin SIMM slots; memory must be installed in pairs and must be 150 ns or faster.
Video: The built-in 512 × 342 monochrome screen uses 21,888 bytes of main memory as video memory.
Storage: The SE can accommodate either one or two floppy drives, or a floppy drive and a hard drive. After-market brackets were designed to allow the SE to accommodate two floppy drives as well as a hard drive, however it was not a configuration supported by Apple. In addition an external floppy disk drive may also be connected, making the SE the only Macintosh besides the Macintosh Portable which could support three floppy drives, though its increased storage, RAM capacity and optional internal hard drive rendered the external drives less of a necessity than for its predecessors. Single-floppy SE models also featured a drive-access light in the spot where the second floppy drive would be. Hard-drive equipped models came with a 20 MB SCSI hard disk.
Battery: Soldered into the logic board is a 3.6 V 1/2AA lithium battery, which must be present in order for basic settings to persist between power cycles. Macintosh SE machines which have sat for a long time have experienced battery corrosion and leakage, resulting in a damaged case and logic board.
Expansion: A Processor Direct Slot on the logic board allows for expansion cards, such as accelerators, to be installed. The SE can be upgraded to 50 MHz and more than 5 MB with the MicroMac accelerators. In the past other accelerators were also available such as the Sonnet Allegro. Since installing a card required opening the computer's case and exposing the user to high voltages from the internal CRT, Apple recommended that only authorized Apple dealers install the cards; the case was sealed with then-uncommon Torx screws.
Upgrades: After Apple introduced the Macintosh SE/30 in January, 1989, a logic board upgrade was sold by Apple dealers as a high-cost upgrade for the SE, consisting of a new SE/30 motherboard, case front and internal chassis to accommodate the upgrade components.
Easter egg: The Macintosh SE ROM size increased from 64 KB in the original Mac and 128 KB in the Mac Plus to 256 KB, which allowed the development team to include an Easter Egg hidden in the ROMs. By jumping to address 0x41D89A or reading from the ROM chips it is possible to display the four images of the engineering team.[8][9]
Inside the Macintosh SE
The main PCB from a 1988 Macintosh SE
Models[edit]
Introduced March 2, 1987:
- Macintosh SE[10]
Introduced August 1, 1989:
- Macintosh SE FDHD: Includes the new SuperDrive, a floppy disk drive that can handle 1.4 MB High Density (HD) floppy disks. FDHD is an acronym for 'Floppy Disk High Density'; later some Macintosh SE FDHDs were labeled Macintosh SE Superdrive, to conform to Apple's marketing change with respect to their new drive. High-density floppies would become the de facto standard on both the Macintosh and PC computers from then on. An upgrade kit was sold for the original Macintosh SE which included new ROM chips and a new disk controller chip, to replace the originals.[11]
- Macintosh SE 1/20: The name of the Macintosh SE FDHD with a 20 MB HDD when sold in Europe.
- Macintosh SE 1/40: The name of the Macintosh SE FDHD with a 40 MB HDD when sold in Europe.
Timeline of compact Macintosh models
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Joel West (March 2, 1987). 'Macintosh II and Macintosh SE announced'. Newsgroup: comp.sys.mac. Usenet:[email protected]. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^Goodin, Sue; Wilson, Dave (April 1987). 'Programming the New Macs'. Vol. 3 no. 5. MacTech.Cite magazine requires
|magazine=
(help) - ^ ab'How the SE Really Differs'. MacWorld Magazine. May 1987. p. 116.
- ^'Vectronic's Macintosh SE'.
- ^'Transparent Macintosh SE'. Low End Mac. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
- ^'Macintosh hardware releases'. earlymacintosh.org.
- ^'Macintosh: System Software Version History'.
- ^'Macintosh Plus Easter Egg - Image of Designers in ROM'. September 12, 1999. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^Trammell Hudson (August 21, 2012). 'Ghosts in the ROM'. NYC Resistor. Archived from the original on February 17, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^'Macintosh SE: Technical Specifications'. Apple.
- ^'Macintosh SE FDHD: Technical Specifications'. Apple.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Macintosh SE. |
- The Mac SE Support Pages Repair & upgrade advice.
- Mac SE Low End Mac
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_SE&oldid=974968692'
Developer | Apple Computer |
---|---|
Type | Disk Drive |
Release date | May 4, 1984 |
Introductory price | US$495 |
Macintosh Hard Disk 20 Model M0135 For Mac Os
The Macintosh External Disk Drive is the original of a series of external 31⁄2-inch floppy disk drives manufactured and sold by Apple Computer exclusively for the Macintosh series of computers introduced in January 1984. Later, Apple would unify their external drives to work cross-platform between the Macintosh and Apple II product lines, dropping the name 'Macintosh' from the drives. Though Apple had been producing external floppy disk drives prior to 1984, they were exclusively developed for the Apple II, III and Lisa computers using the industry standard 51⁄4-inch flexible disk format. The Macintosh external drives were the first to widely introduce Sony's new 31⁄2-inch rigid disk standard commercially and throughout their product line. Apple produced only one external 31⁄2-inch drive exclusively for use with the Apple II series called the Apple UniDisk 3.5.
400K[edit]
The original Macintosh External Disk Drive (M0130) was introduced with the Macintosh on January 24, 1984. However, it did not actually ship until May 4, 1984, sixty days after Apple had promised it to dealers. Bill Fernandez was the project manager who oversaw the design and production of the drive.[1] The drive case was designed to match the Macintosh and included the same 400-kilobyte drive (a Sony-made 31⁄2-inch single-sided mechanism) installed inside the Macintosh. Although very similar to the 400-kilobyte drive which newly replaced Apple's ill-fated Twiggy drive in the Lisa, there were subtle differences relating mainly to the eject mechanism. However, confusingly all of these drives were labelled identically. The Macintosh could only support one external drive, limiting the number of floppy disks mounted at once to two, but both Apple and third party manufacturers developed external hard drives that connected to the Mac's floppy disk port, which had pass-through ports to accommodate daisy-chaining the external disk drive. Apple's Hard Disk 20 could accommodate an additional daisy-chained hard drive as well as an external floppy disk.
3.5-inch single-sided floppies had been used on several microcomputers and synthesizers in the early 1980s, including the Hewlett Packard 150 and various MSX computers. The standard on all of these was MFM with 80 tracks and 9 sectors per track, giving 360 kB per disk. However, Apple's custom interface uses Group Coded Recording (GCR) and a unique format which puts fewer sectors on the smaller inner tracks and more sectors on the wider outer tracks of the disk. The disk speeds up when accessing the inner tracks and slows down when accessing the outer ones. This is called the 'Zoned CAV' system; there are five zones of 16 tracks each, the inner most zone had 8 sectors per track, the next zone 9 sectors per track, and so on; the outermost zone has 12 sectors per track. This allows more space per disk (400 kB) and also improves reliability by reducing the number of sectors on the inner tracks which had less physical media to allocate to each sector.
The external 400-kilobyte Macintosh drive will work on any Macintosh that does not have a high density SuperDrive controller (due to electrical changes with the interface), but the disks in practice only support the MFS file system. Although a 400-kilobyte disk may be formatted with HFS, it cannot be booted from, nor is it readable in a Mac 128/512.
Copy protection schemes were not as elaborate or widespread on Macintosh software as they were on Apple II software for several reasons. First, the Mac drives did not afford the same degree of low-level control. Also Apple did not publish source listings for the Mac OS ROMs as they did with the Apple II. Finally, the Mac OS routines were considerably more complex and disk access had to be synchronized with the mouse and keyboard.
800K[edit]
By early 1985, it was clear that the Macintosh needed additional storage space, in particular a hard drive. Apple announced their first hard drive for the Mac in March 1985. However, the MFS file system did not support subdirectories, making it unsuitable for a hard disk. Apple quickly began adopting for the Mac the hierarchical based SOS filing system introduced with the Apple III and long since implemented in ProDOS for the Apple II series and the Lisa. This change in the Mac's filing system delayed the introduction of the double sided Sony drives which Apple intended to offer as soon as the technology was available, a concession they made when adopting the Sony drives over their own problematic double-capacity Twiggy drives.[2][3] However, based on the success of the 3.5-inch floppy drive for the Mac, there was no such obstacle in immediately implementing an 800-kilobyte drive for the Apple II, so it was introduced in September 1985, four months before the version for the Mac. While Apple simultaneously introduced their new hard drive after a 6-month delay, they chose not to implement the new floppy drive for the Macintosh at that time.
Macintosh Hard Disk 20 Model M0135 For Mac Pro
Apple UniDisk 3.5[edit]
In September 1985, Apple released its first 31⁄2-inch drive (A2M2053) for the Apple II series utilizing Sony's new 800-kilobyte double-sided drive mechanism which would not be released for the Macintosh until 4 months later. The Apple UniDisk 3.5 drive contained additional circuitry making it an 'intelligent' or 'smart' drive; this made it incompatible with the Macintosh, despite having the identical mechanism that was to be later used in the Macintosh drive. However, if the internal circuit board (which consisted of its own CPU, IWM chip, RAM and firmware) was bypassed it could operate on a Macintosh as an 800-kilobyte drive.[4] This permitted storage-hungry Mac users the ability to double their disk capacity 5 months before Apple officially made an 800-kilobyte drive available for the Mac. At the time, the HD20 Startup disk came with HFS and a new .Sony driver that supported 800k drives (in addition to the HD20). Ironically, though the drive would prove to be significantly faster than the previous 400-kilobyte drive, it was specifically slowed down to accommodate the slower 1-megahertz processor of the Apple II. It came in the Snow White-styled case and color to match the Apple IIc and had a pass-through connector for the addition of a second daisy-chained drive. It plugged in directly to the Apple IIc disk port (although original IIcs needed a ROM upgrade) and required a specialized interface card on earlier Apple II models. It would later also work directly with the built-in disk port on the Apple IIc Plus and Apple IIGS through backwards compatibility. This was not recommended for the latter two machines as the Apple 3.5' Drive was faster. It continued to be sold for use with the Apple IIc and IIe which could not use the subsequent replacement Apple 31⁄2-inch drive, until the Apple IIc Plus redesign in 1988 and Apple II 3.5 Disk Controller Card released in 1991. Apple developed a DuoDisk 3.5 which contained two drives vertically stacked, but never brought it to market. The 31⁄2-inch format was not very popular in the Apple II community (excluding the 16-bit Apple IIGS) as most software was released in the 5.25-inch format to accommodate the existing installed Disk II drives.
Macintosh 800K External Drive[edit]
In January 1986, Apple introduced the Macintosh Plus which had a Sony double-sided 800-kilobyte capacity disk drive, and used the new HFS disk format providing directories and sub-directories. This drive was fitted into an external case as the Macintosh 800K External Drive (M0131), which was slimmer than the earlier 400-kilobyte drive. It could be used with Macintosh models except for the original 128K, which could not load the HFS disk format. The drive supported the older 400-kilobyte single-sided disks allowing them to be shared. The use of Apple's GCR with variable speed (as used on the 400-kilobyte drive) accommodated a higher storage capacity than its 720-kilobyte PC counterparts. In addition, the mechanism was much quieter and significantly faster than its predecessor. Designed primarily to run on Macs with the new 128-kilobyte ROM which contained the necessary code to support the drive, it could be used with Macs with older 64-kilobyte ROMs if the proper software was loaded from the system folder of a Hard Disk 20 into the Mac's RAM. The drive controlled its own speed and was no longer dependent on an external signal from the Mac, which was blocked on the early drive mechanisms compatible only with the Macintosh. Later universal mechanisms, first used on the Apple II to accommodate proprietary signals, required special cables to isolate the speed signal from the Mac, to prevent damage to the drive. However, with its increased storage capacity combined with 2-4 times the RAM available on the Mac Plus, the external drive was less of a necessity than it had been with its predecessors. Nevertheless, with the only option for adding additional storage being extremely expensive hard drives, a year later Apple increased the maximum number of floppy drives that could be accessed simultaneously to three on the Macintosh SE (the Macintosh Portable was the only other Mac to do so).
Apple 3.5' Drive[edit]
Beginning in September 1986, Apple adopted a unified cross-platform product strategy essentially eliminating platform-specific peripherals where possible. The Apple 3.5' Drive (A9M0106), is an 800K external drive released in conjunction with the Apple IIGS computer, and replaced the beige-colored Macintosh 800K External Drive. It works on both the Apple IIGS as well as the Macintosh. It came in a case similar to the UniDisk, but in Platinum gray. Like the UniDisk 3.5, the Apple 3.5' Drive includes Apple II-specific features such as a manual disk eject button and a daisy-chain connector which allows two drives to be connected to an Apple II computer. The Macintosh however could still only accommodate one external drive, and ignores use of the eject button. Unlike the Macintosh 800K External Drive, the Apple 3.5' Drive can be used natively with the 64-kilobyte ROM stock Macintosh 128K & 512K computers without the HD20 INIT, albeit only with 400K MFS formatted disks. Designed as a universal external drive replacement, the Apple 3.5' Drive was eventually made compatible with the remaining Apple II models in production upon the introduction of the Apple IIc Plus and the Apple II 3.5 Disk Controller Card for the Apple IIe.
Macintosh Hard Disk 20 Model M0135 For Mac Os
1.44MB[edit]
Following the success of the Macintosh implementation of the 31⁄2-inch format, the format was also adopted widely by the personal computer industry. However most of the industry adopted a different Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) formatting scheme at a fixed rotational speed, incompatible with Apple's own GCR with variable speed, resulting in a less-expensive drive, but with a lower capacity (720 KB rather than 800 KB). In 1987 a newer and better, MFM-based, 'high-density' format was developed which IBM first introduced in their PS/2 systems, doubling the previous storage capacity to 1.4 MB. In Apple's pursuit of cross-compatibility with DOS and Windows-based systems to attract more business customers, they adopted the new format, thus confirming it as the first industry-wide floppy disk standard. However, Apple could not take advantage of the less expensive fixed-speed systems of the IBM-based computers, due to its backward incompatibility with their own variable-speed formats.
Apple FDHD Drive[edit]
Later renamed the Apple SuperDrive (G7287), the Apple FDHD Drive (Floppy Disk High Density) was introduced in 1989 as Apple's first external 1.44 MB high-density double-sided 31⁄2-inch floppy drive. It supported all of Apple's 3.5' floppy disk formats as well as all standard PC formats (e.g. MS-DOS, Windows), allowing the Macintosh to read and write all industry standard floppy disk formats. The external drive was offered only briefly with support for the Apple II, coming late in that product's life. To take advantage of the drive's extended storage and new capabilities, it required the new SWIM (Sander-Wozniak Integrated Machine) floppy disk controller chip to be present on the Macintosh and Apple II, the latter requiring the Apple II 3.5 Disk Controller Card which integrated the chip. If the drive was connected to an older Macintosh, Apple IIGS or Apple IIc Plus with the older IWM (Integrated Woz Machine) chip, the drive would act as a standard 800K drive, without any additional capabilities. The interface card was necessary for the Apple IIGS to make use of its greater storage capacity and ability to handle PC formats. The Apple IIe could not utilize the drive in any form, unless it had the specialized interface card installed, much like the UniDisk 3.5 which the SuperDrive replaced. The last Mac it could be used with was the Classic II and was discontinued shortly thereafter. The drive was fitted in every desktop Mac from its introduction and was eliminated with the introduction of the iMac in 1998. PowerPC Macs dropped the original auto-inject Sony drives and went to a manual inject mechanism.
Macintosh HDI-20 External 1.4MB Floppy Disk Drive[edit]
Macintosh Hard Disk 20 Model M0135 For Mac Pro
Manufactured exclusively for use with the Macintosh PowerBook line, the Macintosh HDI-20 External 1.44MB Floppy Disk Drive (M8061) contained a low-powered, slimmer version of the SuperDrive and used a small square HDI-20[5] proprietary connector, rather than the larger standard DE-19 desktop connector, and was powered directly by the laptop. It had a matching dark gray case and an access cover which flipped down to form a stand. The external drive was sold optionally for those PowerBooks which had no built-in drive, however, the identical drive mechanism was included internally in some PowerBook models, which otherwise had no provision to accommodate an external drive.
Macintosh PowerBook 2400c Floppy Disk Drive[edit]
Compatible only with the PowerBook 2400c, the Macintosh PowerBook 2400c Floppy Disk Drive (M4327) used a unique Molex connector [6] rather than the previous HDI-20 connector. Possibly because of the 2400c's IBM design heritage, both the drive and computer use the same connectors as IBM ThinkPad external floppy drives from the same period; however, IBM drives are not electrically compatible.[7]The drive was discontinued in 1998, and would be the last external floppy drive manufactured by Apple.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Bill Fernandez Portfolio
- ^MacTech Mousehole Vol 1, Issue 5, Letters, Rumor Mill at the Expo
- ^[1] Folklore.org: Macintosh Stories: Quick, Hide In This Closet!
- ^Naiman, Arthur (1987). The Macintosh Bible. Goldstein & Blair. p. 253. ISBN0-940235-00-5.
- ^HDI-20
- ^'PowerBook 2400c Developer Note'(PDF). Archived from the original on July 21, 2004. Retrieved September 30, 2016.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^'2400c questions: Sound + PCMCIA Ethernet'. 68kMLA Forums. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
Macintosh Hard Disk 20 Model M0135 For Mac Download
External links[edit]
- Macintosh: Support for External Floppy Drives (at Apple support site)
- vintagemacworld.com Apple External Drives
Macintosh Hard Disk 20 Model M0135 For Mac 2017
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive&oldid=968109803'